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Patrones de crecimiento de árboles de Bolivia: análisis de anillos de crecimiento para mejorar el conocimiento de ecología y manejo de árbolesGrowth patterns of Bolivian forest trees: using tree ring analysis to improve ecological understanding and management of trees in different forest typesInvestigador: Danaë Rozendaal, estudiante de doctorado En este estudio se analizaran cinco especies maderables de Bolivia que forman anillos distinguibles anualmente y que ocurren en diferentes tipos de bosques. Se hará una comparación en patrones de crecimiento entre diferentes tipos de bosques en Bolivia: un bosque amazónico (Riberalta), un bosque sub-húmedo en Santa Cruz (La Chonta) y un bosque tropical seco en la Chiquitanía (INPA). Bosques tropicales secos tienen un dosel más bajo y baja densidad de árboles en contraste con bosques más húmedos, que significa que el dosel en bosques secos es más abierto. Por efecto de condiciones homogéneas de luz, se espera que las diferencias en tasas de crecimiento entre individuos y del mismo árbol sean menos persistentes. La selección hasta individuos de altas tasas de crecimiento podría ser menos fuerte en bosques tropicales secos que en bosques húmedos a causa de un dosel más abierto. Usando datos de anillos de crecimiento, calcularemos las consecuencias para la edad de árboles, la tasa de crecimiento a largo plazo; y podremos calcular la recuperación del volumen aprovechable de madera en el siguiente ciclo de corta con mayor exactitud. Al final, comparando las consecuencias entre bosques tropicales húmedos y secos, obtendremos comprensión de las diferencias ecológicas entre estos tipos de bosques y sus consecuencias para el manejo de los mismos. Growth patterns of Bolivian forest trees: using tree ring analysis to improve ecological understanding and management of trees in different forest types Researcher: Danaë Rozendaal, PhD-student Diameter growth rates are known to differ among individual trees of a species in time, probably due to differences in light availability. Periods of suppressions in growth in the shaded understorey and releases caused by gap formation are often alternated. Slow growing individuals have a higher risk on mortality before canopy attainment; they accumulate mortality risk over a longer period of time. Additionally, the risk of physical damage by for example falling branches is higher in the understorey. Slow growing trees are therefore expected to have a lower probability to attain the canopy. Selection towards fast growing juvenile trees could mean that canopy trees are younger than previously believed and that regrowth of timber volume after logging may be faster than predicted with the use of average growth rates obtained from permanent sample plot data. These consequences will be investigated with the use of tree ring analysis. Using tree ring analysis diameter growth rates of trees can be reconstructed over their whole lifespan, in contrast to short-term growth data obtained from permanent sample plots. Tropical dry forests have a lower stature and a lower density of trees which leads to a more open canopy in comparison with tropical moist forest. As a consequence of the more homogeneous light availability in tropical dry forest, differences in growth rates among individuals and within individuals in time are expected to be less persistent. In tropical dry forest selection towards fast growing juvenile trees is therefore expected to be less strong than in tropical moist forest. Using tree ring analysis, the consequences for tree ages and long-term growth rates will be calculated; and more reliable estimates of recuperation of harvestable wood volume in the next cutting cycle will be obtained. Finally, comparing these consequences between tropical dry and moist forests we will obtain better understanding of ecological differences between these forest types. Differences in tree growth patterns could ask for different management strategies for these forest types. |